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Super hydrophobic nano silica powder is classified into several types. Each of these silica types offers unique properties and degrees of hydrophobicity to various industrial applications.
Fumed silica results from the flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride. This process creates small, nanosized silica droplets that fuse into a much larger particle. Note that this silica type has very high purity and specific surface areas. The very large specific surface area leads to the creation of superhydrophobic surfaces in specific applications like coatings. Also, its primary particle size is around 10-50 nm. This specific size gives it the capability to enhance the viscosity, thixotropy, and act as reinforcement in silicones.
Colloidal silica is silica sol, consisting of micron-sized to nanosized silica particles suspended in a specific liquid medium. Often, the medium is water or organic solvent, which offers control over the particle concentration and size distribution. Colloidal silica can also be modified using organosilane treatments to give this powder hydrophobic properties. Note that this powder is largely used in areas like precision investment casting, semiconductors, and optical coatings.
Similar to fumed silica, pre-consulted silica is produced by spray drying colloidal silica suspensions. This drying leads to the formation of agglomerates consisting of primary nanoparticles. The agglomerates possess controlled sizes and can be modified for superhydrophobic applications. Often, this silica type is preferred for coating formulations when low viscosity and ease of incorporation are required.
This is silica that has undergone specific treatment processes using silane compounds. The treatments involve the silanes' bonding to the silica surface. These silanes create organofunctional groups that impart superhydrophobicity. Examples of commonly applied silanes are trimethylsiloxane, octadecyltrichlorosilane, and n-octyltrichlorosilane. The functionality of each silane used will affect the hydrophobicity degree and application suitability.
Super hydrophobic nano silica powder is widely used in many industries. Its unique properties offer water resistance, durability, and self-cleaning capabilities to various products.
These coatings use nano silica powder to provide water, chemical, and UV radiation resistance to the surface. It's vital to note that the powder creates a network of air pockets within the coating. These pockets prevent water from penetrating the surface. Thus, leading to a reduction in moisture and other liquids' infiltration into substrates like metal, concrete, and wood. These properties enhance moisture barrier coatings for outdoor applications and electronic devices.
The addition of nano silica powder to textiles and fabrics leads to the development of superhydrophobic clothing, upholstery, and other industrial fabrics with water and stain resistance. Often, this silica creates a textured surface at the microscopic level, causing water droplets to roll off fabric instead of being absorbed. This property makes long-lasting outdoor gear with self-cleaning capabilities. Also, users within the apparel industry prefer this powder for low-maintenance and weatherproof clothing.
Incorporating super hydrophobic nano silica powder into polymer foams and composite materials gives them improved hydrophobicity. This capability is particularly important for anti-water insulation materials, lightweight coatings, and in the automotive and aerospace industries. Also, the powder creates a structure that gives the foams increased durability while resisting moisture penetration. Further, it benefits composites used in applications subjected to harsh environmental conditions.
Super hydrophobic nano silica powder in paper and cardboard allows packaging applications to provide a moisture barrier. The powder reduces water vapor transmission in paper products used in food packaging. It enhances paper durability in packaging and label manufacture. Also, the powder treatment leads to the creation of dry and light materials that provide better protection in adverse environmental conditions.
Water-repellent treated nano silica powder is used in the construction industry to develop superhydrophobic surfaces with water insulation properties. The powder creates air-void systems when added to concrete and mortar. Such systems reduce water infiltration, thus increasing the longevity of structures exposed to water. In addition to moisture barrier creation, this powder also enhances the thermal insulation of walls. It's widely used on coatings for building exteriors and improving energy efficiency.
There are certain standard features and specifications for the super hydrophobic nano silica powder products. Knowing these product specifications ensures users get the right material for their respective requirements.
Hydrophobicity level
The primary characteristic of this silica is its exceptional hydrophobicity. It repels water, thus providing near 100% contact angle. This property is due to the "\<5\> text\>" microtexturing of the silica surface and a low surface energy.
Particle size and distribution
Usually, this powder consists of nano-sized particles, often around 10-50 nm in diameter. This size gives a very large specific surface area, which improves the powder's superhydrophobic effectiveness.
Editability
The powder can easily be incorporated into various matrices like polymers, paints, and coatings, thus allowing simple application across different industries.
Durability
Note that the hydrophobicity of nano silica powder is often stable and durable when exposed to UV light, chemicals, and abrasion. This enhances its usability in outdoor and industrial applications.
The super hydrophobic silica powder is ideal for creating water-repellent surfaces in many materials. It is often integrated into coatings, textiles, and other substrates.
Preparation of the substrate
For the creation of water-repellent surfaces, ensure the material surface to be treated is cleaned thoroughly. This process eliminates impurities, grease, or moisture that may hinder binding.
Integration with matrices
Add the nano silica powder to the chosen matrix, which may be polymer, coating resin, or solution. Thoroughly mix to ensure even distribution of the particles throughout the material.
Application
After mixing, apply the resulting mixture to the surface requiring treatment. This application can be done through spraying, painting, or dipping, depending on the nature of the material and the desired finish.
Curingset
Allow the application to cure fully. During this period, the silica particles get integrated into the surface, forming a superhydrophobic texture that will repel water effectively.
Testing
After complete cure, test the treated surface, check the contact angle to ensure it meets the intended hydrophobicity standard, and assess the water beading performance.
Note that the super hydrophobic nano silica powder has an indefinite shelf and is easy to maintain. However, there are several practices to ensure its effectiveness long-lasting.
Storage conditions
Keep in a cool, dry place, protected from direct sunlight. Ambient humidity may affect hydrophobicity. Thus, ensure the container is tightly sealed after every extraction to prevent moisture from entering.
Proper handling
Note that the powder consists of fine particles that may create clouds during exposure. Avoid inhalation by using safety equipment like gloves and a mask. Also, avoid contact with skin, as it may cause irritation due to its desiccating properties.
Application area maintenance
Frequently, clean and maintain the application or treatment area to prevent the accumulation of contaminants that may degrade the superhydrophobic effect. Ensure cleaning methods do not abrade or wear off the hydrophobic layer.
Reinforcement application
With time, some applications may lose their superhydrophobicity due to wear or damage. Reapply the silica powder or corresponding treatment as required to restore the superhydrophobic properties.
Monitoring performance
In some instances, environmental factors may degrade the hydrophobic layer over time. Often, assess the efficiency of the treated surface regularly and take the corresponding action to restore its effect.
Although silica powder possesses numerous advantages, sometimes it may result in adverse effects. Also, several safety and hazard considerations exist when dealing with super hydrophobic nano silica.
Super hydrophobic nano silica powder consists of fine, respirable particles with silica powder incorporated. When the powder is airborne, it may be inhaled. This inhalation causes potential risk to the lungs with long-term exposure. Note that the powder is non-toxic when ingested, but if the powder is consumed in large quantities, it may lead to gastrointestinal irritation. Also, silica powder may cause skin irritation, especially with dry skin, as it has drying effects.
Always, ensure proper personal protective equipment is used. The equipment includes a dust mask or respirator to prevent inhalation, goggles to protect against eye exposure, and gloves to avoid skin contact during application or handling. In certain cases, silica powder may be flammable. Therefore, it's recommended to keep it away from ignition sources and in well-ventilated areas. Monitor the silica concentration in the air to avoid possible risks associated with high exposure levels.
For disposal, adhere to local regulations regarding hazardous waste. Do not dispose of it in the environment or waterways. Instead, the powder has to be placed in a sealed container for proper waste management to avoid potential risk to the environment and public health.
In case of silica powder contact with the skin, wash with plenty of water and soap to avoid irritation. Constant contact may cause dermatitis; thus, medical consultation is necessary. If the powder gets to the eyes, rinse gently with water for several minutes. If wearing contact lenses, ensure they are removed. Medical attention is required when persistent irritation occurs. In case of inhalation, move the affected person to an area of fresh air. If they are experiencing difficulties in breathing, cough, or chest pain, seek instant medical care. Ingestion may cause discomfort or irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. For medical attention, never induce vomiting.
A1: Generally, a contact angle greater than 150° qualifies Nano silica powder as super hydrophobic. This angle causes water droplets to bead and roll off instead of spreading on a surface.
A2: The particle separation from the aggregate is frequently performed through sonication. Note that this technique helps disperse silica nanoparticles in solutions, thus enhancing their accessibility for application.
A3:Adding silica nanoparticles to a polymer matrix like epoxy resin enhances the nanoparticles' mechanical stability and anti-smudge properties.
A4: It's well-known that the laser ablation technique can create surface heterogeneity in nano-silica particles by producing unique textures that confer super hydrophobicity.
A5: During the deposition of superhydrophobic nano-silica coatings, the viscosity of the substance determines the uniformity and stability of the dispersion.
